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Nature in Patagonia - South America

NATURE IN PATAGONIA

FLORA IN SAN MARTIN DE LOS ANDES

Flora in BarilocheFlora in CalafateFlora in Puerto Madryn
Flora in San Martin de los AndesFlora in UshuaiaFlora in Antarctica

Other species are:

Maitn: Maytenus boaria
This is an evergreen tree with a globular crown and drooping branches. Its leaves are light-green, alternately placed and finely serrated. They are much appreciated by cattle (often impeding renewed foliage growth). This is a "sacred tree" for the mapuches.

Radal: Lomatia hirsuta
This is an eternally fronded tree or bush, showing new pubescent twigs. It is usual in the drier areas of the Park, where it lives with cypresses and the maitn. It has long (4 to 12 cm), simple, bright, oval-shaped, serrated leaves and sort of white flowers. Its wood is used for cabinetmaking, affording a very attractive grain.

Notro: Embotrium coccineum
This is a striking bush that seeks open, sandy and wet areas or volcanic soils. It has a gray bark with dark and light spots. Its branches are flexible, bearing simple, alternately placed lance-shaped leaves. Its bright red or orange flowers deck the countryside in spring and in early summer. It forms part of mixed-type forests. It is reputed to possess wound-healing properties.

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Arrayn: Myrceugenella apiculata
This is an evergreen bush or tree with a enjoyable appearance due to its silky-smooth, white-spotted cinnamon colored bark. Its small, paired dark green leaves have a small spike on their points. Its attractive, white, axially-distributed flowers form groups of 3 to 5. Its fruit is a black edible berry. It forms a dense forest in Los Arrayanes, the only one of its kind in the world.

Caa Colihue: Chusquea culeou
This rhizome-bearing bushy plant is formedof simple, non-ramified canes, 2 to 4 m tall. The simple, linear, single-veined leaves sprout from the knots Flowering occurs every 30 to 40 years, with attractive purple-colored spikes, before the plant dies. It is highly appreciated in furniture and craft work. The natives used it for their spears and to construct a musical instrument called the trutruca.

Michay: Berberis darwinii
This is a highly ramified 1 or 2 m high bush with very little thorns. Its leaves are alternately placed, and are smooth, bright and dark green colour, with spiky indentations. Its orange flowers are grouped in very attractive bunches, and its fruit is a round, blue-black dry berry. Traditionally, all those who sample its fruit will someday come back to Patagonia. There are other similar species in the area.

Tree saprophytes (parasites, semi-parasitic plants and epiphytes)

Llao-llao, Pan del Indio: Cyttaria darwinni
This fungus is preferably found on the coihue; its hifae (tubular filaments) undermine the bark of the host tree's branches, making the characteristic "knots" that can grow up to 1 m in diameter. The fungus is edible, and is pear-shaped, white and tasteless when unripe, later becoming orange-yellow, juicy and sweet.

Farolito: Myzodendron punctulatum
This is a semi-parasite. It lives on the branches of the Nothofagus species (lenga, ire, coihue), and is yellow-gold. It sucks out the sap of the tree with haustoriae (tiny roots) that penetrate through the woody bark into the tree's sap vessels, thus affording it chlorophyll. It is covered in tiny yellow flowers by the end of winter. Its fruit is windborne.

Barba de viejo: Usnea sp.
These are lichens (organisms formed by the union of an alga with a fungus), of the genus Usnea; they live on the branches and trunks of trees, using them only as support (epiphytes). They thrive in sunny areas, and are considered indicators of profuse oxygen (and consequently of low atmospheric pollution).








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